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Vilcabamba, Peru
Vilcabamba (in hispanicized spelling), Willkapampa (Aymara〔Ludovico Bertonio, Transcripción del vocabulario de la lengua aymara (Spanish-Aymara dictionary): ''Willka'' - ''Adoratorio dedicado al Sol u otros ídolos. / El Sol como antiguamente decían y ahora dicen inti. '' Pampa - ''El campo o todo lo que está fuera del pueblo, ahora sea cuesta, ahora llano. +Todo lo bajo respecto de la mesa o poyo, la tierra llana.''〕 and Quechua)〔Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007 (Quechua-Spanish dictionary): ''willka'' - ''s. Nieto, ta respecto del abuelo.'' / s. Dios menor en la teogonia incaica.'' ''pampa'' ''s. Campo. Lugar generalmente plano. Pampa. / s. Llanura. Terreno uniforme y dilatado, sin altos ni bajos pronunciados.''〕〔Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005: ''willka'' - ''s. Hist. Idolo de este nombre. Icono o imagen que representaba la divinidad tutelar del valle que se extiende desde lo que hoy es La Raya –línea divisoria entre Cusco y Puno– hasta la montaña misma. (J.L.P.) || Apellido de origen inkaico.'' / ''s. Biznieto o biznieta.'' SINÓN: haway. || ''Linaje.'' || ''adj. Sagrado, divino, sacro''.〕〔Mariko Namba Walter,Eva Jane Neumann Fridman, Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture, Vol. 1, p. 439 ''willka'' or ''vilca'' (''Anadenanthera peregrina'' and ''Anadenanthera colubrina''):〕〔Bingham, Hiram III. (2002) ''The Lost City of the Incas.'' Centenary edition. New York:Sterling Publ. Co. p.155. (''huilca'' a type of tree and ''pampa'' a lowland flat area)〕 or ''Espíritu Pampa'' was a city founded by Manco Inca in 1539 and was the capital of the Neo-Inca State, the last refuge of the Inca Empire until it fell to the Spaniards in 1572, signaling the end of Inca resistance to Spanish rule. The city was then destroyed and lost, and it is the fabled "Lost city of the Incas", a title frequently incorrectly applied to the more famous Machu Picchu.
It is located on the Chontabamba River, a tributary of the Urubamba River. It is often referred to as Vilcabamba the Old or Old Vilcabamba to distinguish it from the Spanish colonial town of Vilcabamba la Nueva.〔
== History ==
Manco Inca retreated from Ollantaytambo to Vitcos, and finally to Vilcabamba: "The Inca brought together all those of the royal blood he could find, men and women alike, and retired to the wild forest of the Antis to a place called Villcapampa where he lived in exile and solitude as one can imagine a dispossessed and disinherited prince would live, until one day he was slain by a Spaniard whom he had sheltered and protected from enemies who had sought his death."〔Garcilaso De La Vega El Inca, 2006, Royal Commentaries of the Incas and General History of Peru, Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., ISBN 9780872208438〕
Titu Cusi said this of his father Manco Inca Yupanqui, "Having arrived, he rested and recovered for a few days and built his houses and lodgings in order to settle down there, for it seemed to him like a good site for his capital seat."〔Titu Cusi Yupanqui, 2005, An Inca Account of the Conquest of Peru, Boulder: University Press of Colorado, ISBN 9780870818219〕
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